![]() As a result of this dichotomous portrayal over the years, the impact of the Halle method on educational reform, and on the meanings eighteenth century Europeans attached to philanthropy more generally, has been misunderstood. This has led to a persistent tendency to see Halle Pietists as others who cultivated their collective identity in opposition to so called Enlightenment intellectuals, like Christian Wolff, at the same time as they exerted a marked influence on these same persons. ![]() A long and deeply entrenched historiographical tradition has portrayed the Halle proponents of this movement especially their leader August Hermann Francke as zealous, yet practical, Lutheran reformers who were forced to directly confront the ideals of early Enlightenment in conjunction with the state building mandate of Brandenburg Prussia. ![]() 1 Learning to See in the Pietist Orphanage: Geometry, Philanthropy and the Science of Perfection, by KELLY JOAN WHITMER B.A., Colgate University, 1998 M.A., Western Washington University, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2008 Kelly Joan WhitmerĢ Abstract This is a dissertation about the Halle method, or the visual pedagogies of the Pietist Orphanage as they were developed in the German university town of Halle from 1695 until A Pietist was someone who was affiliated with an evangelical reform movement first initiated by Philipp Jakob Spener in the 1670s. ![]()
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